Understanding Vaping in Teens with Dr. Nicholas Chadi MD
More About Dr. Nicholas Chadi
Nicholas Chadi, MD MPH FRCPC FAAP, is a pediatrician specializing in adolescent and addiction medicine. He is a Clinical Associate Professor at the Université de Montréal and a pediatrician and clinician-scientist at CHU Sainte-Justine in Montréal. At Sainte-Justine, he serves as Medical Director of the Adolescent Substance Use Clinic and is the co-founder and co-director of the interdisciplinary gender diversity clinic.
Dr. Chadi’s work focuses on improving care for vulnerable children and adolescents through clinical practice, research, policy, advocacy, and knowledge translation. His areas of expertise include substance use, mental health, gender identity, mindfulness, and chronic illness. He is the nicotine and tobacco spokesperson for the Canadian Paediatric Society and the host of the Healthy Teens podcast, which explores key issues affecting youth health and well-being.
Transcript of Episode
Manahil (0:00 – 0:07)
We know that vaping is common amongst teenagers, but did you know that it can start as early as the age of 12?
Heemani (0:08 – 0:23)
Today we’re talking with Dr. Nicholas Chadi, a paediatrician specializing in adolescent and addiction medicine, about what vaping really is, why it’s so addictive, and why it can be especially dangerous for young people, especially when stress, mental health, and peer pressure come into play.
Manahil (0:24 – 0:39)
And, most importantly, we’ll share tips for teens who are struggling with vaping and for parents who are looking for ways to support.
Well, welcome back to the Healthy Habits, Happy Homes podcast. I’m Manahil.
Heemani (0:39 – 0:51)
And, I’m Heemani. And, today we’re so excited to have Dr. Nicholas Chadi join us. To get us started, could you tell us a little bit about yourself, your current role, your education and your experiences that led you to where you are today?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (0:51 – 1:50)
Of course, and thanks for having me. So, I’m a paediatrician specialized in adolescent and addiction medicine. I currently work as an associate professor of paediatrics at the University of Montreal and in a large paediatric hospital center in Montreal called St. Justine Hospital. And, so, my training led me through medicine, eventually paediatrics, and then focusing specifically on adolescents and adolescents with substance-use and mental health challenges. I completed a really dedicated fellowship in Boston to learn more about how adolescents interact with substances, what are the challenges that are currently happening that are emerging. And, I’ve also developed a passion for research.
And, so, currently, I’m a clinician scientist, meaning that half of my time is spent interacting with patients and families and the other half leading research projects, largely in substance-use prevention with a strong focus on nicotine, cannabis, smoking, vaping, as well as other substances.
Manahil (1:51 – 2:12)
Thank you for that quick overview, Dr. Nicholas, we’re so happy to have you here. And, as we mentioned, we wanted to talk about vaping today. And, you seem to be the perfect person to talk to about that.
So, to just to get us started, for listeners who may not be familiar, what is vaping? And, how is it different from smoking cigarettes?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (2:12 – 4:10)
Right. So, when we think of vaping these days, we primarily think of nicotine vaping. I can give you a quick kind of historical snapshot of vaping.
So, around the years 2000, very beginning of the century, we started seeing new devices that looked like traditional cigarettes, but that were made of plastic, and that could deliver nicotine in a different way, without combusting actual tobacco. And, through the years, these devices became more and more refined. Around, you know, 2010, we saw larger devices that were shaped like pens, and eventually had tanks and reservoirs that we could refill with primarily nicotine containing liquids, often with flavours, as well. And, around 2015, there was an explosion of pod-based devices. So, those look like flash drives, like USB keys that had a small pre-filled, you know, reservoir that we could change. And, those really became very popular with young people in North America, specifically. And, from then on, we saw this as a, you know, very common phenomenon— young people initiating vaping with nicotine around the age of elementary school and high school, and into young adult years.
And, in most recent years, we’ve seen popularity of disposable devices. So, one-time use also containing nicotine for the most part. And, you know, in the past few years in Canada, we’ve seen a lot of legislation and policy around some of these products.
But basically, what we’re seeing is pretty much a plateau in the numbers of young people using e-cigarettes and vaping products. And, I’ll just say that vaping isn’t exclusive to nicotine, we can vape nicotine, but we can also vape other substances like cannabis. And, that’s also something that’s increasingly popular with young people. It is also possible to vape liquids or substances that don’t contain any psychoactive drugs like nicotine or cannabis. But, most commonly young people will vape nicotine or cannabis.
Manahil (4:11 – 4:31)
I love that history of how vapes evolved to what they are now. And, when we’re talking about nicotine, like, how much nicotine do these vapes contain? And, I know that there was this notion where we thought that vapes were, you know, they’re a better alternative to having cigarettes as your source of getting nicotines. Are they really better?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (4:32 – 6:22)
Those are great points. So, yes, initially, e-cigarettes, vaping products were marketed by companies as tobacco-cessation tools or harm-reduction avenues. This could potentially be true with adults who are already heavy tobacco smokers.
We know that, puff for puff, if you take a puff from a vape versus a puff from a traditional cigarettes, there are likely fewer toxic emissions and risks for cancer, for example, long-term, but not without risk. So, we know that currently a lot more young people are using e-cigarettes and not for smoking cessation. So, what was the initial, kind of, idea behind e-cigarettes and vaping product was really changed through the years. And, because they became so catchy and easy to use, affordable and accessible for young people, we’re really seeing something different than what was initially thought.
And, you asked about how much nicotine. So, nicotine vaping products can contain quite a bit of nicotine. We have federal legislation now for just over two years saying that we can’t have more than 20 milligrams of nicotine per millilitre in vaping products that are in legal sale. What I’m seeing in my practice is that products that contain more, sometimes more than twice as much as this, are still circulating. Young people have easy access to these higher nicotine containing products and they can certainly have more significant impacts in terms of nicotine dependence and so on.
So, a small disposable vape can contain as much nicotine as many packs of cigarettes, depending on the model and the concentration. Sometimes young people don’t know exactly, but it can really add up quickly, especially if you’re using a vape many, many times a day.
Heemani (6:23 – 6:53)
It’s definitely an interesting point that you bring up that vapes were, kind of, brought in for people who wanted to stop smoking, whereas now it’s, I feel like it’s just so targeted towards youth who have never smoked before. And, sometimes youth may not understand that, you know, they may just feel like vaping is better than smoking cigarettes and they don’t really understand all the harms associated with it. And, so, how common would you say vaping is among youth right now in Canada?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (6:54 – 7:43)
Yeah, that’s a really good question. So, as I mentioned, we’ve seen somewhat of a plateau since around the years 2019-2020, so the very beginning of the COVID pandemic. And, so, depending on which province or what age group exactly, we could say that among adolescents, anywhere between 10 to 15% of youth will say they’ve used an e-cigarette in the past month. We can have up to five, sometimes even 10% who would say that they’re using an e-cigarette regularly. And, this will really depend on, you know, the region, the age specifically. We know that, you know, vaping starts becoming more common around the ages of 12, 13. Some people start even younger. There’s somewhat of a peak around mid-adolescence and then young adults in their twenties also commonly will use e-cigarettes. So, it’s definitely something that’s around.
Manahil (7:44 – 8:05)
I’m surprised that it starts so early, like, you mentioned 12 and 13. Like, just from my own experience, I remember the first time I saw a vape, I was probably, like, 16 or 17. So, to think that it’s starting so early, it’s scary. And, from what I know, I think that you are not legally allowed to have a vape until you’re 19. Is that correct?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (8:06 – 8:43)
Right. There are different rules and regulations depending on which province you live in. So, there are federal regulations when it comes to nicotine content in vaping products. And, then there are different rules and regulations based on age at which you can purchase nicotine-containing products. So, for example, in Quebec, where I work and practice, you need to be 18 to buy tobacco and vaping products. In Ontario, it’s 19. And, certainly that will vary, but it doesn’t prevent young people from having access to vaping products through social sources or online sources, or even some stores that will sell these products to minors.
Heemani (8:44 – 9:13)
Yeah, it’s definitely quite concerning to see that even though different provinces might have regulations in place, youth can still almost easily, you know, access these things in like social settings and events. And, so, some people might, you know, start looking for or start wanting to try vaping as a way to relieve their stress and anxiety without really realizing that it might become addictive. And, so, what is it about vaping that makes it so addictive?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (9:14 – 11:08)
I’m really glad you bring this up. A few years ago, when we look at the main reasons why young people were taking up vaping, it was mostly curiosity, novelty, the flavours, the access, the social side of it. And, we’ve seen a shift. So, if you ask young people today, the majority will say that they first started vaping or even trying substances to try to feel better, to relieve stress, feel less depressed. And, we know that nicotine is highly addictive. So, it’ll give your body and your brain some sort of a buzz that will last anywhere between 30 and 60 minutes. And, so in the moment, you may feel more relaxed, more awake also, because it’s a stimulant. But the effect quickly wears off. And, so, even after just using for a few days or weeks, the brain may start seeking or wanting more. And, that’s when we start talking about dependence or addiction. And, so, a younger brain that is still forming is more susceptible to the effects of substances that can lead to addiction.
What I’ve seen in my practice and what is described in research is that nicotine through vaping is highly addictive. And, it doesn’t solve mental health problems in the long run. It may be, kind of, a quick relief or maybe something seen as positive in the moment. But young people will tell me, “I’m still anxious or depressed.” And, when the effects are gone, then I usually will want more or still feel the way I felt before or even worse. And, we know that using too much nicotine can also interfere with things like sleep and focus and everyday life activities.
There are also all sorts of, kind of, physical health impacts related to vaping that we can get into as well. So, we know that certainly, even though vaping was portrayed initially as something that may be seen as healthy or healthier than smoking for young people who are not smokers, then it’s definitely something that can bring some health risks and consequences.
Heemani (11:09 – 11:33)
Definitely. You touched on the mental aspect, which is quite, quite scary, especially since you said their brains are still developing at this time. And, so, using it so early on can have so many like detrimental effects, you know, that could last throughout their entire life. Would you be able to, I guess, touch on some of the more like physical aspects, the physical harms associated with vaping, particularly in teens?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (11:34 – 13:33)
Of course. And, vaping is relatively newer than smoking cigarettes, for example, or the other substances that young people will use commonly like alcohol or cannabis, but it remains the same nicotine that we’ll see in other tobacco products. We know, and I mentioned that nicotine is a stimulant for the brain, but also for the body.
So, using nicotine will increase your heart rate, your blood pressure. And, we’re starting to find that if you use nicotine long-term through vaping or other forms, it may increase your blood pressure, increase your risks of having heart disease when you’re older. It can also affect your lungs because you breathe the vaping aerosols through your airways. The fine particles can get lodged. It can create inflammation, cough. If you already have lung disease or asthma, it can make you short of breath. It can have an impact on your ability to exert and do physical sports and activities at a high level. And, that’s certainly something that’s been reported and studied. And, so, there are several, you know, impacts. We can also talk about oral health. And, we know that if flavoured products are being used, it can increase risks of cavities or gum disease. And, so, really it’s quite widespread.
What we still don’t know as well is what’s going to happen in 30 or 40 or 50 years down the line. Is there an increased risk of cancer? We’re thinking probably because of some of the substances that we find in the vaping aerosols. And, as I mentioned earlier, probably not at the same level, puff for puff, as with traditional tobacco cigarettes, but probably at a certain level. So, healthier for a young person not to vape or smoke, certainly, there’s really no doubt about that. But, then just how harmful vaping can be in the long term, this is still a question that we have.
But, we do have enough information to say that there are some harms that are either more short terms, and I mentioned before, like impact on sleep and focus. If you [have] too much nicotine in your system, then, you know, it might give you palpitations and really feel jittery and unwell. And, it’s a more longterm impacts that we’re starting to understand better.
Manahil (13:33 – 14:15)
Thank you for mentioning all those, I guess, dangers of nicotine and vaping. And, there are so, so many. But, even with knowing all of this, I feel like a big reason why teen and young people vape is the fear of feeling left out. Even just from my experience, even though I’m not interested in vaping, like, I’m like exposed to it quite often in social circles. And, it is something that, I guess, people even bond over and they share vapes. And, it’s just it is a social thing for many people.
So, how powerful would you say this social influence is for vaping? And, how can teens navigate this pressure?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (14:16 – 16:52)
It is very powerful. So, I mentioned, you know, we talked about some of the reasons, the more personal reasons that young people may have to start using vaping products. But, there’s certainly some social factors that will increase your chances or your risks of using these devices. One thing that’s quite unique with vaping products, and it’s been true for over 10 years now, is that these products not only can be promoted by companies, but have the ability to “self promote.” So, in the era of social media, social influencers, young people who are healthy, look healthy, look cool and fun, will be using these products and talk about their experience. And, so, it normalizes what vaping is.
And, you mentioned, if you’re in a social circle, and your friends are doing it and you’re being offered a vape, because of some perceptions that may be around the benefits more so than around the harms, and it may be quite hard to say, “no, I won’t do it,” because of a potential risk of not fitting in or feeling that you’re missing out on something that you should be doing at your age.
You know, what’s true with vaping is true with other substances. Saying no to substances is hard— can be hard. It does require an understanding as a young person, your values, what you trust, what you believe, and having access to some information that is trustworthy. It’s not always that simple to get access to unbiased information about vapes. Asking your doctor can be a source of information, a parent or a trusted adult, and you may get different responses about some of the risks related to vaping. So, it does require some awareness and awareness building.
We’re seeing that more and more schools across the country are offering workshops and sessions where trusted adults with credible sources of information are able to share and bring young people to think.
And, you know, one thing that has worked really well is to, you know, ask young people, you know, who do you think the companies, you know, signing or creating these vaping products are targeting? Right? Are they hoping to help older adults who are smoking cigarettes, potentially? Are they also hoping that young people will be hooked up and then, you know, start using their products? Many will say not, but it’s been happening. And, so, young people who start thinking, you know, critically about this and being “Oh, I don’t want to be, kind of, used. I don’t, you know, want companies to use my money and, you know, do things that are harmful to myself.” And, that can lead to really interesting conversations among friends and with adults. But certainly, it’s not easy to have a sense of how to navigate these social pressures.
Manahil (16:52 – 17:23)
Yeah, like you say, it is it is very tough, especially if you’re being offered a vape. And, I feel like people might say things like, “Oh, it’s okay, like, just try it once or just try it once or twice.”
But, like we said earlier, like nicotine is such an addictive substance. And, once or twice is not just once or twice most of the time. So, I’m wondering, do you have any advice for young people who may be listening, who are being offered these vapes in social settings on how to approach that conversation?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (17:23 – 18:32)
One thing that I would say is— I shared some numbers. And, yes, there are many young people who vape, but there are more young people who don’t vape. It might seem like everyone around you, everyone, even at your school or in your class is doing it. But in fact, it’s probably not true. And, so, just taking a moment to think, “well, you know, do I have to do this? Are there other ways to have fun and fit in?” I would say the answer is, “yes.” I’m an older person, so it’s very easy for me to say this. But, taking some time to think, “do I have friends who don’t do it? Why don’t they do it?” Maybe have a conversation with them and see what are the motivations. When being offered, it’s OK to take time to think and be like, “you know, maybe not today,” and then, you know, go back to a trusted friend or adult and discuss it. So, really [there are] several ways to do that. And, there are also some online sources that are credible from different provincial or national websites or organizations that specialize in giving young people these credible information. So, there’s also some great information circulating on social media, on YouTube, videos that are made or created by researchers and folks who work in universities or in health care. And, so, taking time to look at this contents really can help.
Heemani (18:33 – 19:08)
Yeah, taking taking time to like go through these sources and tools and resources, like you’ve mentioned, it’s so important for, I guess, youth to, sort of, educate themselves on, you know, the actual risks and stuff that are associated— even if you just try it once, like, that is still risky. And, so, these tips are definitely very amazing for teens to use if they are ever put in to that position.
And, so, we’ve mostly been talking right now about nicotine vapes. But, what about cannabis vapes? Do you also see youth who also use cannabis vapes?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (19:09 – 20:31)
So, I said nicotine vaping became really common or more common, you know, just before or during the early stages of the pandemic. What we’ve seen across Canada is that among young people who use cannabis, a bigger and bigger proportion will do that in the form of vaping, so vaping cannabis. Data from Ontario shows that for about three, four years now, vaping cannabis is the number one way that young people in high school will use cannabis. And, that’s a shift. It used to be, you know, smoking as a joint. And, now it’s vaping and young people will vape cannabis in the form of a concentrated oil or solid product, meaning that the cannabis contained in these vapes is quite potent. It can really affect the brain, lead to mental health consequences or dependence quickly, especially if we use it frequently. And, so, we’ve seen this shift, not only in Ontario but other provinces as well, it’s becoming more and more common. And, some people who may be vaping nicotine may go to vaping cannabis and not necessarily see that there’s a big difference in terms of risk or addiction potentially, and there is. And, so, if you have these two substances together in the body and brain, it can, you know, multiply issues and problems and lead to increased addiction potential. Again, there’s a need for information about this for sure.
Heemani (20:32 – 20:54)
Wow, I didn’t know that this was the number one way that young people use cannabis. And, kind of, I guess, like, switching back to nicotine, we’ve, kind of, seen, you know, other forms of nicotine become more prevalent. There’s, like, nicotine gums and patches.
Would you be able to tell us a little bit more about these and if there are also other new forms that, you know, we should know about?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (20:55 – 23:11)
Sure. And, so, I mentioned that vaping was or is a newer form of nicotine. Another form that we’re really seeing more and more these days is nicotine pouches, so synthetic nicotine, so not nicotine from tobacco, similarly as vaping, placed in a small pouch that is often flavoured and can be placed on the gum and absorbed. And, currently in Canada, there’s only one form of a patch marketed by one company called Zonnic, and that’s either mint or menthol flavoured, that’s in legal sale. We know that there are several other brands and types of products that may contain a lot more nicotine that are circulating, and that young people are using these products more and more.
Just some quick numbers that I’ve seen in Quebec last year, there were almost as many young people in high school who said that they had used a nicotine pouch in the past month than a traditional tobacco cigarette.
And, so, we’re really seeing shifts. And, if you compare that to vaping, then maybe three or four times more people [are] say, vaping in the past month. So, still vaping currently is the number one way of using nicotine among young people.
And, then we’re seeing some emerging forms, notably the pouches. And, there are other nicotine products that are circulating that are not in legal sale: toothpicks, candies, gums. Gums or lozenges are also sold as nicotine replacement products, and those are approved by Health Canada, also in a very limited range of flavours with specific dosages. But, those are not products that young people tend to use, kind of, recreationally, if you want. There are some products that may come from elsewhere that are flavoured in a range of fruit or dessert flavours that may be of use. Currently, our understanding is that they’re not as commonly used as vaping products or pouches, but I think we have to stay aware.
We know that tobacco companies or companies selling nicotine products can come up with new products, and these products may be appealing to young people. Sometimes regulation and policy takes time to apply and even be enforced. There are currently some rules and regulations in provinces banning flavours around vaping products, for example, and flavoured vaping products are still circulating and accessible. So, a law and a rule doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s going to prevent access or use among young people.
Manahil (23:12 – 24:00)
Okay, wow, I hadn’t heard of the pouches before. It is definitely scary, and I think it goes back to the marketing aspect again, where these companies are just trying to find new ways to get young people onto using nicotine or trying nicotine, and I think young people really like novelty and trying fun things, so they’re definitely trying to capitalize on that. We’ve talked a lot about the forms of nicotine, why it’s so addictive, as well as the prevalence of vaping, the legislation.
We’d like to switch focus a bit now onto strategies for reducing use. So, for, let’s say, for young people who are already using vapes pretty regularly, what are some strategies, some realistic strategies that you think they could use to cut back or maybe even quit?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (24:00 – 26:17)
I’d say that the first thing probably is to take some time and think about your goals. So, it may be that a young person is seeing vaping as something they don’t want to change at the moment, or maybe that they do want to change. It may be that they’d like to reduce but not quit, or maybe that they’d want to quit completely.
So, first kind of having some time to think about what are your objectives and your goals, and then trying to work towards those. What will always be true with vaping, but other substances as well, is talking to people around you who you trust and value, a friend, an adult, and telling them about your goals and objectives is a really good first step. Seeking help with a professional, maybe a counsellor at school, a health professional, or even someone who’s more focused on substance use can be a really good step as well.
We know that there’s some great apps online, the Quash app for example, available in French and English for young people who vape. There’s some apps in different provinces also that are available. There are text messaging programs that can send you reminders and motivational, kind of, tools to help you reduce or quit or set, you know, a specific time or date to quit, and those can be really helpful.
And, sometimes combining different approaches. I would also say thinking about alternatives, right? So, if you’re vaping and you want to quit, what could you do instead? Are you into arts or sports or any other social things that you’d want to do that are perhaps healthier or things that also make you or even can make you feel better or good in the moment? Those are all really helpful.
And, then if you are really stuck with a problem of feeling addicted, and whenever you try to cut down or quit, your body screams, we call that withdrawal, then there’s a way to talk with a health professional or pharmacist to look at nicotine replacement products that are not vaping and not smoking, such as gums or lozenges that can help some people with a really severe addiction to nicotine products. And, that can be true for young people as well. So, teenagers can use these products. There are also some medications that can reduce cravings that can be used if we’ve tried many things and, you know, we’re stuck with this issue.
So, there are lots of options out there. But, I would say focusing on your goals, your objectives, try and think of your motivators to why are you doing it? Why is it a good thing for you? And, if you’re not sure, maybe trying to get more information on why, you know, it might be helpful to quit and using those tools that are there.
Heemani (26:18 – 26:59)
So, there are definitely a lot of resources that, you know, people can use or a lot of strategies that people can use to sort of cut back or, you know, help them quit vaping, which is so amazing to hear.
I didn’t know that there were apps and like ways that you can like sign up for like text messages to, you know, to try and like get you to cut back. I think I think that’s really amazing.
And, so, you kind of mentioned talking to, you know, trustworthy people. And, so, I, kind of, wanted to ask about parents and caregivers, how can they talk to youth in a way where, you know, youth don’t really feel judged or, you know, scared that they’re going to get punished? How can caregivers and parents, kind of, help with this?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (27:00 – 28:34)
Yeah, that’s so, so important. So, as a paediatrician, and also having worked on national guidelines on youth vaping, we usually will say that starting at age 12, vaping and using substances should really be a topic that’s addressed in several contexts. So, health providers should address it, they should screen for it during a medical visit, for example.But, that also means that it’s something that should be discussed and talked about at home, and I would say earlier.
So, for parents, my suggestion, my advice would be to start talking about vaping and other kind of substance-use behaviours during elementary school. And, it could be as casual as, there’s someone vaping on the street, you can tell your child, “oh, have you seen this before?” You know, “what have you heard about this?” And, if you see that apparently there’s curiosity, then really having a non-judgmental conversation about it. And, it’s to share some facts. It’s probably not as effective to give a big lecture and say how terrible and horrible it is.
Eventually, the message should be that it’s safer not to do it that, as a young child or adolescent, it’s something that can be harmful, and explaining why. But, you know, you mentioned without being judgmental, it’s really important to, kind of, hear and listen, inquire and be curious, you know, asking your child, “oh, do you have friends or people around you at school who’ve done it? What have you heard about this? Have you seen anything online or on social media?” And, so, that really can lead to a sense of trust and opening. So, if the young person starts using, then they may feel more comfortable telling their parent, which is which I think is a good thing. And, eventually, if it becomes a problem, then the parent can be involved in trying to find solutions.
Manahil (28:35 – 29:16)
I think that’s some great advice. I definitely think that teens and young people feel scared to bring up these conversations with their parents, because it can feel like they’re going to get judged or punished. But, the parents bringing it up earlier on can help with that. And, also with them being, I guess, their first source of information about this. So, thank you so much for sharing those strategies for both the teens and the parents.
Those are all the questions that we had for our episode. But, we do like to end off with just one key message about the topic. So, this is very hard. But, if you could share one message with young people listening or their caregivers about vaping, what would it be?
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (29:17 – 29:48)
Well, I would say that really the healthiest thing for a young person to do related to vaping is not to use it or to delay use as much as possible throughout life. If it happens, it shouldn’t be a taboo topic, it should be something that can be discussed. And, there are great resources out there to either get informed or get support and help to reduce or quit. So, certainly it’s a topic we need to keep discussing. And, it should be something that we should all be curious about as things move forward.
Manahil (29:49 -30:10)
I think that’s a great message and, kind of, summarizes everything that we that we talked about today. So, thank you. Thank you so much again, Dr. Nicholas for joining us today. It was very informational and I learned a lot of new things that I didn’t know about. So, I’ll be keeping them in mind.
Dr. Nicholas Chadi (30: 10 – 30:15)
Fantastic really, thank you for having me. It has been a pleasure
Manahil (30:15 – 30:37)
We hope that you found this episode of Healthy Habits Happy Homes helpful. Dr Nicholas is also the host of the podcast “Heathy Teens” hosted by the Canadian Paediatrics Society. Check out the episodes to learn more.
Check out the episode notes to learn more about his podcast.